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HAEMOPHILUS B CONJUGATE VACCINE (HIB)

Medical Diagnosis and Drugs, Medications
HAEMOPHILUS b CONJUGATE VACCINE (HiB)
(hee-mof'il-us)
HibTITER, PedvaxHIB, ProHIBiT
Classifications: vaccine;
Therapeutic: vaccine
Prototype: Hepatitis B vaccine
Pregnancy Category: C

Availability

7.5 mcg, 10 mcg, 15 mcg, 25 mcg injection

Action

A highly purified capsular polysaccharide extracted from Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). Hib, principal antigen in the vaccine, promotes production of Hib anticapsular antibodies. It mediates complement-dependent bacteriolyses of H. influenzae type b organism.

Therapeutic Effect

The vaccine produces antibodies effective against H. influenza type b.

Uses

To provide active immunity to H. influenzae type b (Hib) infection in children 2 mo–5 y.

Unlabeled Uses

Adults at risk of Hib infection who have Hodgkin's disease, before immunosuppressive chemotherapy.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to any component of vaccine (e.g., thiomersal); febrile illness (other than upper respiratory tract infection); active infection; immunosuppression; infants <2 mo; pregnancy (category C).

Cautious Use

Latex hypersensitivity.

Route & Dosage

Immunoprophylaxis for H. influenzae type b Infection
Child: IM 2–6 mo, HibTITER 0.5 mL, 3 doses 2 mo apart with booster at 15 mo; PedvaxHIB 0.5 mL, 2 doses 2 mo apart with booster at 12 mo; 7–11 mo, HibTITER 0.5 mL, 2 doses 2 mo apart with booster at 15 mo; PedvaxHIB 0.5 mL, 2 doses 2 mo apart with booster at 15 mo; 12–14 mo, HibTITER 0.5 mL, 1 dose with booster at 15 mo; PedvaxHIB 0.5 mL, 1 dose with booster at 15 mo; 15 mo–5 y, all vaccines 0.5 mL as 1 dose

Administration

Intramuscular
  • Reconstitute lyophilized powder with supplied diluent.
  • Note: Use different sites when giving Hib polysaccharide vaccine and DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) at the same time.
  • Store at 2°–8° C (36°–46° F); may be frozen without loss of potency. Do not freeze the diluent.

Adverse Effects (≥1%)

Skin: Irritation at injection site (4–9%). Other: Acute febrile reactions (13%), irritability, anorexia, anaphylactoid reaction (rare).

Diagnostic Test Interference

Hib polysaccharide vaccine may interfere with interpretation of antigen detection tests (e.g., latex agglutination) used in diagnosis of systemic Hib disease.

Interactions

Drug: immunosuppressant drugs, steroids may decrease antibody response.

Pharmacokinetics

Onset: Antibody levels detected within 2 wk. Peak: 3 wk. Duration: 1.5–3.5 y. Distribution: Crosses placenta; distributed into breast milk.

Nursing Implications

Assessment & Drug Effects

  • Be prepared for anaphylactoid reaction (see Appendix F) by having epinephrine 1:1000 available.

Patient & Family Education

  • Note: Local reactions to the vaccine at the injection site (erythema, tenderness, induration, swelling, pain) may appear within 6 h after administration; usually symptoms are mild and disappear in 24 h.
  • Monitor temperature after injection. An acute febrile reaction with temperature above 38.3° C (101° F) may follow vaccination (less than 1% of recipients). Notify physician.

Common adverse effects in italic, life-threatening effects underlined; generic names in bold; classifications in SMALL CAPS; Canadian drug name; Prototype drug

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